Xx zj zjperstejn



Aug. l2, 1924.

l. l. ZJPERSTEIN AERONAUTICAL DEVICE Filed Ap'rl 6, 1922 7 Sheets-Sheetl ANN Aug. 12 1924.

1,504,534 l. zlPr-:RSTEIN AERONAUTICAL DEVICE 4 Filed April e, 1922 7Sheets-Sheet 2 AERONAUTICAL DEVICE Filed April 6, 1922 7 Sheets-Shea t'7 Sheets-Sheet 4 I. l. ZIPERSTEIN AERONAUTICAL DEVICE Filed April 6,1922 Aug. 12 1924.

Aug. 12, 1924. 1,504,534

l. I. ZIPERSTEIN AERONAUTICAL DEVICE Filed April 6, 1922 7 Sheets-Sheet5 Aug. 12, 1924. 1,504,534

` l. l. ZIPERSTEIN AERONAUTICAL DEVICE Aug. 12, 1924. 1,504,534

l. l. ZIPERSTEIN AERONAUT ICAL DEVICE.

Filed April 6, 1922 '7 Sheets-Sheet 'F ffy @153 Iig-1.6'

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Patented Aug. '12, 1924.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ISRAEL I. ZIPERSTEIN, OF CHICAGG, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNQIR, OF TWENTY PERCENT T JULIUS B. RUBENSTEIN AND FIVE PEB CENT TO JACOB B. GUTHMAN.

AERONAUTICA-D DEVICE.

Application led April 6, 1922. Serial No. 550,099.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, IsnAm. I. Zirnns'rniN, a citizen of Poland, residingat Chicago, county of Cook, and State of Illinois, have in`vented a newand useful Im rovement in f Aeronautical Devices, of Whic the followingis a specificatio This invention relates to aeronautical devices, andmore particularly pertains to an l0 improved composite device forelevating and propelling so-called heavier-than-air machines; but whilethis invention is illustrated as employed in itself for propellin andelevating purposes, it will be observe that the device may be employedas a stabilizing device for airplanes and diri ible balloons, and thusthis invention fin a wide field of poses.

The principal objects' and advantages which characterize `this inventionreside in: the provision of improved means for propelling, elevating andstabilizing an aeronautical carrier, such` as commonly called flyingmachines; the provision of improved means for elevating and proelling acarutility for many similar purrier; the provision of improve safetymeans in conjunction with and forming a part 'of the propelling andelevating means; the provision of improved gravity negative means forsetting up a pressure to elevate and sustain a carrier, the propellingmeans cooperating with said elevatinglr means; the provision of improvedsteering means; `the provision of an elevating and sustaining meanscooperating with propelling means forV causing a supporting carrier'to.be raised and sustained as well as pro elled in a desired plane; and thecombination of the foiegoing features and elements in a light, strongand durable, and eiiitient structure for the purposes set forth.

This invention is further characterized by an improved unit structureembodying propelling and cooperating elevating means capable ofinstallation upon a standard heavier-thanair machine or on a dirigibleballoon for propelling and stabilizing purposes. This invention furthercontemplates 53 an improved arrangement of the planes, of

' an aeroplane or other heavier-than-air machine, or the combination ofsuch an arrangementwith a dirigible balloon, whereby to ih e'ect obtainthe function of a parachute, and thereby afford a `feature of safety.

The foregoing and such other objects and advani iges as may appear or bepointed out as` this description proceeds are attained in` the severalstructural embodiments i1- lustrated in the accompanying drawings,wherein:

Figure l is a perspective view of a heavier-than-air llying machineembpdying the im rovements of this invention. t

igure 2 is a fragmentary side elevational view of the same.

Figure 3 is a fragmentary top plan of the device illustrated in Figures1 and 2, parts thereof bein in section.

Figure 4 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional View taken on the line4-4 of Fig. 3, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows.

Figure 5 is an enlarged transverse see tional view taken on line 5--5 ofFigure 3,

llooking in the direction indicated by the arrows.

Figure 6 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional perspective view of one ofthe rotatable planes.

Figure 7 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of one of therotatable planes.

Figure 8 is an enlarged fragmentary elevational view of a connectingelement.

Figure 9 is an enlarged sectional view taken on line 9 9 of Figure 8,4looking in the direction indicated by the arrows.

Figurei() is an enlarged fragmentary sectional View of the propellingand stabilizing frame.

Figure 11 is an enlarged fragmentary elcvational view of a detail.A

Figure 12 is an enlarged transverse sectional view taken on line 12-12of Figure 10, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows.

Figure 13 is a perspective view of a seaplane, illustrating anotherapplication of this invention.

Figure 14 is a top plan of a dirigible balloon illustrating a furtherapplication of this invention. i

Figli-re 15 is a side elevational view af the same. f'

Referring more lparticularly tel the drawing, and first to igiires 1 to4, inclusive, this invention embo ies a carriage A, here illustrated asembodying a frame similar to a bicycle frame, although any other desiredform might be employed, this frame having a driving Wheel which may bemanually operated by the operator in the usual Wellknown Way, so thatthe device may be moved from place to place on the ground. rEhe deviceis also prov` led with a steering Wheel G, manipulated b v thehandle-bar 7, the wheel 6 having a disk 8 therein, so that this wheelmay serve as a. rudder when the device is in the air. A air ot smallWheels 9 are jonrnaled on the ree ends ot the brace rods 10, whichlatter extend from the rear portion of the frame or carrier A, saidWheels 9 serving to support the Whole device upright when on the ground.A pilots seat 11 is provided over the rear end o the carriage forsupporting the pilot in a convenient ositioii to manipulate thehapdlebars, and) other mechanism. Pedals 12-12 may serve to drive tl'edevice When in the air or on the ground, the connection between thepedals and drivin Wheel 5 being omitted. A second pair o edals 13` areprovided, these latter edals eing connected by links 14--14 to evers15-15, which latter are xedly connected to the elevating and depressingrudder 16, said rudder being pivoted at 17 on the rear end of thecarriage A.

The carriage A, to the rear of the seat 11, is provided with rectangularhorizontal bracket frame 18, said frame having stirrups 19 19 forsupporting a source of power, such as an internal combustion engine 20.The foregoing elements described complete the carrying part of thedevice, and may, of

course, be substituted with other supporting, driving and controllingmeans, such as the standard aeroplane fuselage.

The 'aeronautical propelling and sustaining mechanisms, also employedfor elevating thc device into the air, are supported by the Frame A,from which mechanisms the frame A and its parts are suspended when thedevice is iii flight.

In order to support the propelling and other associated mechanism, Iprovide a box-like structure 2l, open at its forward and rear ends, sothat a fore and aft or longitudinal passageway 22 is provided forpermitting the passage of air therethrough with the least resistance.This structure. 21 is provided with a top wall 23 and side Walls 24 and25, which latter suppoi'tthe mecha-- nisms referred io hereinbcfore andof which there are here shown tivo, designated B and C. Of course,additional pairs of these devices may be provided as the occasion maydemand, the two shown being sutticient for the purpose. The structure 2lis connected to the trame or carriage A by divergent struts 26-26, atthe forward part, and by Kvertical struts 27--27 at the rear part, the

struts'26 being clamped at 28 to the frame A, and the struts 27 beingconnected in a suitable manner to the sides of the bracket frame 18.Transverse braces 251-429 extend across ythe bottom of the structuri- Qlso as to make the same more rigid.

The elevating and propelling mechanism includes the two units l? and G.and as these elements aresiibstantially identical in con* struction adescription nl' but one will siifl'iee. Referring to the element C.shown in its entirety in Figures 1 to 4, inclusive, therel are providedtwo triangular end brackets il() and 31, com oscd of the vertical straps32 and 33 and t e converging straps 34, are secured to the side wall 25.The straps support bearing elements 35 and S6, the straps 34 beingpreferablyv integral and extending about the bearing elements. asindicated at 3T iii Figures 4 and l1. Rods 23S and 39 extend frombracket bearings and 41, respectively, which bracket members are securedto the straps 32 and 33, to Vthe bearings 35 and 36.

The bearings 35 and 36 support non-rotatively a longitudinal shaft42said shaft having mounted thereon a pair of truss frames F and F', theshaft passing through the medial portion of said frames. The free endsof said truss frames support the elevating devices E--E, these devicesbeing substantially semi-cylindrical and embodying a construction to bedescribed presently. The shaft 42, near its opposite ends, and outsideof the elevating devices, supports fore and aft propellers 43 and 44.respectively, said propellers having their respective blades at ninetydegrees, as best seen in Figure' 4. The propellers, however, aresupported within the end brackets 30 and 31. TheV bearings 35 and 3G suport each a sprocket, said sprockets being f esignated 45-45 and havingeach a driving chain 46 trained thereover, said chain also being trainedover a sprocket 47 mounted in the bearing brackets 40 and 41, therebeing one of the sprockets 47 in each of said bearing brackets. As thebearing devices 35 and 36, propellers, bearing devices 40 and 41, andthe frames F and F are substantial duplicates and arranged on the frontand rear ends of the machine, a description of one of each of the samewill suffice.

Asseen in Figures S to 12. inclusive, the parts last referred to aboveappear in detail, the bearing 35 being composed of the spaced plates1S-48 riveted at 49-49 to the adjacent portion of the braces 34, each ofsaid plates 48 being provided with compleniental ears :iO-50 and :3l-51,transverse studs 52 and being riveted in the lugs and El, respectively,and extending through openings in the ears 50 and 51 on the oppositeplate, the ends of said studs be; ing threaded to receive retaining nuts54-54- The plates 48-48 are provided with concentric openings 55 and 56for recelvlng bearing bushings 57-57, the bushings in the opening 56being of greater diameter than that in the opening 55. The stud 53serves to receive and hold an eye 58 threaded at 59 to the outer end -ofthe brace rod 38.

A supporting housing 60, which may be either cylindrical or providedwith apolygonal external surface, is mounted upon a shaft 42, saidhousing` having one end reduced at 61 to engage the bushing 57 andsquared at 62 to receive the sprocket 45, which latter is complementallyprovided with a central opening for this purpose. The housing, beyondthe squared portion 62, is further reduced to engage the bushing 55, andan annular spaceis afforded between the cover-plate 63 and the reducedend of the housing for accommodating an annular iiange 64 formed onthaouter enlarged portion 65 of the shaft 42, a reduced threaded stud.66 extending through the cover-plate 63 to receive a retaining nut 67.The late 63 is secured to the outer bearingp ate 48 by a pair of screws68.

he housing is provided with a longitudinal chamber 69 carryingball-races 70 and 71, a sleeve 72 being snugly engaged with the enlargedportion of the stationary shaft and serving to retain thein ner'races 73and 74, balls 75 and 76 being` interposed *between the races 70 and 73and the races 71 and 74, respectively. The enlarged shaft portion 65 isthreaded near its inner end to receive a retaining nut 7 7 and anannular ring 78 is threaded into the housing 60 to retain the bearingrace 71. The enlarged. shaft portion 65 is reduced to the size of theshaft 42 at 79, and to said part 79 is secured a hub 8O carrying, ateither end, a pair of sprockets 81, said hub and sprockets being fixedto the part 79 by means of a. transverse pin 82. The shaft portion 79 isreduced and received into the shaft 42, a` transverse in 83 serving tolixedly connect the portion 79 and the shaft 42. The propeller 43 isprovided with a hub 43', which hub is formed with an openingcorresponding to the exterior shape of the housing 60,and at an ratesecured to said housing for rotating t ierewith.

The rod 38 extends to the bearing element 40, which latter comprises apair of spaced Iplates 84E-84, a pair ofstuds 85 and 86 serving to spacesaid plates and being secured hy riveting in one of the plates and bynuts 87 in the other of said plates. T he stud 86 receives a sleeve 88having a threaded extension 89 for reception 'in the adjacent end of therod 38.

-s will be seen in Figure 9. the strap 32 i8 Secured to the side-Wall 25by machine sore 35 and the plates 84 are secured to said strap bytransverse screws 90-90. The lates 84 are each provided with a compemental longitudinal slot 91 in which the free ends 9292 of a transverseshaft 94 lie` said shaft supporting a rotatable hub 93 on which thesprocket 47 is integrally formed, and said hub also supporting outersprockets 95H95. The shaft 94 is adjustable longitudinally in the bearin40 and is locked by Washers 96-96 an retaining nuts 97H97 so that thetension of the chains vtrained over said sprocket may be varied asmetrically opposite, and receivable into theL adjacent ends of thetu'bes 100. A sheathing or sleeve 104 surrounds the tube 100 and theopposite ends of said sleeve `are split at 105, said sleeve beingcoextensive with the tube 100 and being secured against longitudinal orrotative movement thereon by a transverse wedge pin 106. The outer endof the tube 100 receives the threaded end of a stud 107, Whichdatter isformed by bending laterally the longitudinal shaft 10S on which one ofthe elevators E is mounted.

Divided clamps 109 surround the outer split portions of the sleeve 101,transverse bolts 110 passing through said clamps and the outer ends ofbrame-bars 99, so as to maintain the sleeve and thus maintain the tubeis adjusted position. Other divided clamps 111 also surround the sleeveat the inner split portions thereof, said clamps 111 also surroundingthe brace-bars 99. Thus the rigidity of the frames F and F and theiradjustment are-maintained.

The shaft 108, (there being two of these shafts, one for each elevator)is provided on each end with a ball race 112 held by a shoulder 113, anda similar arrangement boing installed at the other end of said shaft. Ahub 114 surrounds the shaft 108, in spaced relation thereto, and saidhub carries am inftegral sprocket Wheel 115, a chain 116 being trainedover said sprocket and also over one of the sprockets 81 on the shaft42. The outer end of the hub 114 is provided With a ball race 117, comlemental to the race 112, 'and a series'of ls 118 are arranged betweensaid races. .The hub also su ports an annular channel 119, to the wa ofwhich are secured wire spokes 120, said spokes supporting the rims 121-121, formin the skeleton of the elevators. The channes 119 are pinned at122 'to the hub 114, and the wire spokes are provided because of theirstrength and the fact that they offer little resistance to the passageof air. From an inspection of Figures 3 and 10,*it will be seen that thechains 116 and their respective sprockets are staggered, so that they donot interfere in operation.

The construction of the elevators is best illustrated in Figures 5 to 7.inclusive. wherein substantially one-half of the circumference of therims is encompassed hy a sheathing 123, of thin board, or of heavyprepared fabric, there being provided two layers, an inner and outer.124 and 125. respectively. the inner layer being stretched across andsecured to `the rims 121 in any suitable manner, the outer layer being;stretched over and glued or otherwise se curely attached to the innerlayer. (lircumferential straps 126-126 encircle the layers 124 and 125about the rims 121 to further secure the layers` the straps having;rtheirl edges turned under at 12T to prevent fraying. Transverse marginalstrips 128 engafre the longitudinal margins of the layers. andrivets-129 serve to secure said strips. The inner layer 124 is providedwith a plurality of folds which afford spaced longitudinal vanes13d-13G, projecting radially inward.

I provide means for transmitting` power from the engine 20 to thepropellers and elevators or stabilizers` said means comprising avertical power shaft 131. journalled at, its lower end in the frame 18and operatively7 connected bv bevel gearing 132. to the engine crankshaft. the upper portion of said shaft beingr journaled in a hearingrcarried by the cross brace 133. The upper end of the power shaft 1511 isprovided with a beveled pinion 134. meshingP with a bevel fear 135,which latter is mounted on one of a pair of power transmission shafts136. said latter shafts being arranged in spaced parallel relation inthe passageway 22. and rotativelv mounted in bearing openings formed inthe front and rear transverse bars 137 and 13R. Au intermediatetransverse hearing brace 139 is provided. which is secured to the sidewalls 24 and 25. said brace 139 having hearings 14d-140 for the shafts136.

Each of the shafts is provided with a pair of gears 13T- 139. the gearsof each pair being;r of equal diameter and located near the extremitiesof their respective shafts. in fixed engagement therewith. and inmeshing engagement, thereby transmitting power from the transmissionshaft connected to the power shaft to the other of said transmissionshafts. Pai-rs of sprocket Wheels 142-112 are provided at each end ofboth of "-e shafts 136. in fixed engage- '111-141 therein foraccommodating the chains 14B 143.

From the foregoing it will he seen that power is transmitted to theelevators FlE and to the propellors 43 and 41 in opposite directions.and the gearing is arranged to impart movement thereto Vat'the requiredspeed. The power transmitting elements, such as the shafts 136` chains143. 46, and 116. are all arranged in pairs. so that power is equallytransmitted to all propellers and 1o both ends of the pairs ofelevators, and thus dragging of one propeller reiative to the. otherstwisting of the elevators cannot occur.

It will be observed that the elevators and propeller-s are so relativelydisposed in each unit that the propellers serve to set up a current orcurrents of air through the ele-- voting planes, the arrows X and Yindicating the direction of rotation of the planes, and as these planesalways maintain the same positions relative the longitudinal axis of thewhole device, due to the :fact that while they revolve about the shafts42, they are maintained with their coneavities toward the bottom of thedevice by means of the sprockets 81, chains 116 and sprockets 115, theelevators always tend. during down strokes, to exert a downward pressureon'the surrounding atmosphere. and thus stabilize as well as cause themachine to rise. The vanes 130 on the under surfaces of the planes serveto impinge the currents of air set. up by the propellers and thus thetendency to sustain the device is maintained in flight; furthermore, thepropellers serve to propel the machine. The formation of the planesembodied in the elevators also act. when necessary, somewhat. in thenature of a parachute, so that volplaning or sliding with the engineshut olf is permissible.

In the form of the. invention described hcrcinbefore, the operation ofthi device as a unit in itself is set forth, and as further indicativeof additional applications of this invention, reference may be. had toFigures 13, 14 and 15.

Referring to Figure 13. there is illustrated a sea plane or flying boat`the hull ll being of any appro-ved structure and containing' thopilotsseat, controls. and a source of power. such as an internal combustioneugine 145. A plurality of rows of struts V1116 and 147 extend upwardlyfrom the sides of the hull H and serve to support the planes sus`148-148, 149-149 and 150. The planes 148 are at the same le vel andextend athwartships, the planes 149 being at a higher level and theplane 150 at a still higher level, the

rear and forward edges of the forward and rear planes of each pair 148and 149 being in the same plane vertically, and the plane 150 being of alength fore and aft coincident with the distance between the planes149-149. In his way the planes appear as seenA in Figure 14, andfunction as a safety measure in the event of failure of the engine Whilein flight.

The propelling and stabilizing devices illustrated in Figures 1 to 12,inclusive, and described hereinbefore, are employed in pairs here, thatis, two units 151 and 152 forms of the invention sh'own in 'Figures'l`to15, inclusive, provision is made for propulsion of the machine, andalso for safety in the event that the source of power fails. Thearrangement. of the planes 148, 149 and 150 will serve to prevent themachine from dropping, if kept level, and the elements E-E will aid theplanes in this function.

. While a specific structural arrangement has been illustrated, it willbe understood that minor changes may be made within the spirit of theinvention and scope -of the claims- I claim:

1. In a device of the character described, in combination, a pair ofsemi-cylindrical planes revoluble in a circular path but maintaining aparallel relation`- to a horizontal plane, an axis for said lanesequidistant therefrom, and a propeller adapted to direct a current. ofair through said planes, said propeller being mounted on said axls.

2. In a device of the character described, in combination, a pair ofsemi-cylindrical planes revoluble in a circular path, an axis for saidplanes equidistant therefrom, a propeller mounted upon -said axis andadapted to direc-t currents of air past said planes parallel to theirrespective'axes, 'and means on said planes against which said aircurrents may impinge.

3. In a vdevice ofthe character described, in combination, a pair ofsemi-c lindrical planes revoluble in a circular pat an axis for saidplanes cquidistant therefrom, a propeller mounted upon said axis andadapted to direct currents of air past said plan parallel to theirrespective axes, and

tionar longitudinal vanes for impiuging said airl currents.

4. In a device of the character described, in combination, a pair ofsemi-cylindrical planes revoluble in a circular path, an axis for saidplanes equidistant'therefrom. a propeller mounted upon said'axis andadapted to direct currents of air past said planes parallel to theirrespective axes, und a plurality of internal vanes on said planes forimpinging said air currents.

5. In a device ofthe character described, in combination, equally spacedsemi-cylindrical planes, said planes being mounted on shaftsmovablethrough a fixed circular path about an axis, air propelling meanson said axis directing air currents into and through said planes, and aplurality of longitudinal internal vaneson said planes.

6. In a device of the character described,

in combination, an elevating device comprising a pair of half-cylindersopening downwardly, said cylinders being movable about a commonaxxs,longitudinal internal vanes on said half-c linders,and means formaintanin said cy inders with their vanes in fixed re ation to ahorizontal plane.

7 In a device of the character described, in combination, an elevatingdevice comprising a pair of half-cylinders opening downwardly, saidcylinders being movable about a common axis, longitudinal internal vaneson said half-cylinders, means for directing a current of air throughsaid half-l cylinders and past said vanes, a means operatively connectedwith first said means for maintaining said cylinders during movement infixed plane.

8. In a device of the character described, in combination, a pair ofhalf-cylinders -mounted upon Shafts, a nonrevoluble central shaft spacede ui-distant from first said shafts, means or moving said first shaftsin a circular path around said nonrevoluble shaft, and means formaintainin said half-cylinders in fixed relation to a` orizontal plane.

9. In a device of the characterdescribed, in combination, a pair ofhalf-c linders mounted upon shafts, a nonrevolu le central shaft spacedequi-distant from -first said shafts, means for moving said first shaftsin a circular patharound said nonrevoluble shaft, and means for'rotatingsaid half-cylinders oppositely on their respective shafts and forpreventing rotative movement of the cylinders relative to a horizontalplane.

10. In a deviceof the character described, in combination, a supportingmeans, a stacentral shaft, frames rotatable on said s aft, curved planescarriedby said frames and propellers rotatable on the free ends o saidcentral shaft.

`relation to a` horizontal IIN) lll)

l1. In a device of the character described, in combination, a supportingmeans, a stationary central shaft, franges rotatable on said shaft,curved planes carried by said frames, means for rotatin said frames, andpropellers on the free en s of said central shaft for setting upcurrents of air through said planes,

l2. Infa ldevice of the character described, in combination, asupporting means, a stationary central shaft, frames rotatable on saidshaft, curved planes carried by said trames; means for impartingrotative inotion toLs-aid frames, propellers on said central shaft, andmeans operatively connecting` sind propellers with said motion impartingmeans. i "hi y ln a device of the character described, in combination, asupporting-jj means, astationary central shaft, framesv rotatable onsaid shaft, curved planes carried hy'said frames, means ll'or impartingrotative ino-V tiou to said frames, prolliellcrs on said cen? tra]shaft, means for operatively Vconnecting,` said ,ropellers with saidmotion imparting means, and means for driving said propcllers, and theplanes carried by sa id frames.

14. ln a device of the character described. in combimition, a supportingframe, a pair ol' stationary shafts on either sidi,I ol' said trame, aplurality of frames rotatirel)l mounted o'n said shafts, a plurality ofpairs nl' planes carried by said rotative frames and arranged onopposite sides of said stationary shafts, a plurality of propellersrevoluhle on Said shafts, and means for sin'mltaneously driving all ofsaid planes and propellers about said stationary shafts.

l5. ln a 'device of the character described, in combination, astationary Shaft, a housing;r rotatable upon said shaft, a stationarybearingl for supporting said shaft, and a drivimgT sprocket on Vone endof said housing;- within said bearine.

lti. In a device of the character described, in combination, astationary shaft, a heusing rotatable upon said shaft, a stationarybearing for supportin said shaft, anti.- frction bearings in said lshaft, one end of said housingrextending into. said bearing, and adrvingsproeket upon the end of said housing in said bearing.v

1T. 1n a device of the character described, 55

in combination, a stationary shaft, a housing rotatable upon said shaft,a stationary bearing for supporting said shaft, radially disposed andadjustable frames carried by one end ol' said housing, and a driving,l60

sprocket on the opposite end of said housing' within said hearin?.

1B. in a device of the character described, in combination, a stationaryshaft, a housing rotatableupon saidshaft, a stationary 65 hearing forsupportingy said shaft., radially disposed. and ad]ustahle framescarried by one end et lsaid housing, rotatable elexntmtsm` carried h5'the outer ends of said frames;

a drirint; sprocket on one end of said lions 70 ing. and meansoperatively connecting1 said rotalaltlc elements ywith said stationaryshaft.

It). ln a dei ice of the ,character described,

in combination, a stationary shaft, a hons- 75 ing' rotatable uponsaidshaft, a stationary hearingh for supportingr said shaft, radiallydisposed :rnd adjustable frames carried by one end ol' said housiing,rotatahle elementsl carried lf;V the outer ends of said frames, 3o

a driving sprocket on one end of said housin nand iat onary means onSaid stationary shai't and connected with said rotatable element.O l'orimparting rotation thereto;

Liu. ln an aeronautical device. a plane 35 coniljlrising; a rylimlrica'li'raine, a semit- \lindriral t'ahric corering for said frame, and apluralityv of spaced longitudinal ribs internally arranged on saidplane.

-ln testimony whereof, l attix my 'signano lensing upon said 50

